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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1789-1801, dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528808

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: We investigated the expression and clinical significance of miR-15b-5p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in the GEO database. Venn diagram showed that there were 5 up-regulated miRNAs (has-miR-210, has-miR-142-3p, has-miR-142-5p, has-miR-15b-5p, and has-miR-193a-3p) and only 1 down-regulated miRNA (has-miR-532-3p) that were commonly expressed between GSE189331 and GSE16441 datasets. This was further confirmed in TCGA. Further analysis showed that the has-miR-193a-3p, has-miR-142-3p, has- miR-142-5p, and has-miR-15b-5p were closely related to tumor invasion, distant metastasis and survival probability. The expression of miR-15b-5p in ccRCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal kidney tissues (P0.05). Following inhibition of miR-15b-5p expression, RCC cells had attenuated proliferation, increased apoptosis, and attenuated migration and invasion. has-miR-15b-5p-WEE1, has-miR-15b-5p-EIF4E, has-miR-15b-5p-PPP2R1B may be three potential regulatory pathways in ccRCC. miR-15b-5p is highly expressed in cancer tissues of ccRCC patients. It may promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and enhance cell migration and invasion of RCC cells. The has-miR-15b-5p-WEE1, has-miR-15b-5p-EIF4E, and has-miR-15b-5p-PPP2R1B may be three potential regulatory pathways in ccRCC.


Investigamos la expresión y la importancia clínica de miR-15b-5p en el carcinoma de células renales (CCR) de células claras mediante análisis bioinformático y verificación experimental. Los miARN expresados diferencialmente se examinaron en la base de datos GEO. El diagrama de Venn mostró que había 5 miARN regulados positivamente (has-miR-210, has-miR-142-3p, has-miR-142-5p, has-miR-15b-5p y has-miR-193a-3p). ) y solo 1 miARN regulado negativamente (has-miR-532-3p) que se expresaron comúnmente entre los conjuntos de datos GSE189331 y GSE16441. Esto fue confirmado aún más en TCGA. Un análisis más detallado mostró que has-miR-193a-3p, has-miR-142-3p, has- miR-142-5p y has-miR-15b-5p estaban estrechamente relacionados con la invasión tumoral, la metástasis a distancia y la probabilidad de supervivencia. La expresión de miR-15b-5p en tejidos ccRCC fue significativamente mayor que la de los tejidos renales normales adyacentes (P 0,05). Tras la inhibición de la expresión de miR-15b-5p, las células RCC tuvieron una proliferación atenuada, un aumento de la apoptosis y una migración e invasión atenuadas. has-miR-15b-5p-WEE1, has- miR-15b-5p-EIF4E, has-miR-15b-5p-PPP2R1B pueden ser tres posibles vías reguladoras en ccRCC. miR-15b-5p se expresa altamente en tejidos cancerosos de pacientes con ccRCC. Puede promover la proliferación, inhibir la apoptosis y mejorar la migración celular y la invasión de células RCC. has-miR-15b-5p-WEE1, has- miR-15b-5p-EIF4E y has-miR-15b-5p-PPP2R1B pueden ser tres posibles vías reguladoras en ccRCC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , MicroRNAs , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics , Survival Analysis , Cell Movement , Computational Biology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Kidney Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 55(3): 3-3, Oct. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529618

ABSTRACT

Abstract The rocketing number of COVID-19 cases highlighted the critical role that diagnostic tests play in medical and public health decision-making to contain and mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study reports the evaluation and implementation of different tests for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the central region of Argentina. We evaluated 3 real time RT-PCR kits (GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit, DisCoVery SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Detection Kit and WGene SARS-CoV-2 RT Detection), 2 nucleic acid extraction methods [MagaBio plus Virus DNA/RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux), 35-min vs. 9-min, a pre-analytical reagent (FlashPrep®) and 2 isothermal amplification tests (Neokit Plus and ELA CHEMSTRIP®). The order according to the best performance of the 3 real-time RT-PCR kits evaluated was: DisCoVery > GeneFinderTM> WGene. The 2 RNA extraction methods showed similar good results: MagaBio plus Virus RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux) 9-min was selected due to its faster performance. FlashPrep® reagent showed excellent results to perform direct RNA detection. Isothermal amplification assays showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity values (>80%), except in samples with Ct> 30. Our data show optimal real time RT-PCR kits and alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. These alternative assays proved to be aceptable.


Resumen La explosión de casos de COVID-19 resaltó el papel fundamental que desempeñan las pruebas de diagnóstico en la toma de decisiones médicas y de salud pública para contener y mitigar la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Este estudio reporta la evaluación y la implementación de diferentes test para la detección molecular de SARS-CoV-2 en la región central de Argentina. Evaluamos tres kits de RT-PCR en tiempo real (GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit, DisCoVery SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Detection Kit y WGene SARS-CoV-2 RT Detection), dos métodos de extracción de ácidos nucleicos (MagaBio plus Virus DNA/RNA Purification Kit II [BioFlux, 35-min vs. 9-min), un reactivo pre-analítico (FlashPrep®) y dos test de amplificación isotérmica (Neokit Plus and ELA CHEMSTRIP®). El orden de rendimiento de los tres kits de RT-PCR en tiempo real evaluados fue el siguiente: DisCoVery GeneFinder™ WGene. Los dos métodos de extracción de RNA mostraron buenos y similares resultados; se seleccionó MagaBio plus Virus RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux) 9-min debido a su rápido tiempo de procesamiento. El reactivo FlashPrep® mostró excelentes resultados para realizar detección directa de RNA. Los ensayos de amplificación isotérmica mostraron valores de sensibilidad y de especificidad aceptables (80%), excepto en muestras con Ct 30. Nuestros resultados muestran kits de RT-PCR en tiempo real óptimos, como así también métodos moleculares alternativos para el diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2 que resultan aceptables para su uso en contextos adversos, de descentralización y en diferentes escenarios epidemiológicos, para la detección rápida y precisa del SARS-CoV-2.

3.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 55(3): 206-213, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37003907

ABSTRACT

The rocketing number of COVID-19 cases highlighted the critical role that diagnostic tests play in medical and public health decision-making to contain and mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study reports the evaluation and implementation of different tests for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the central region of Argentina. We evaluated 3 real time RT-PCR kits (GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit, DisCoVery SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Detection Kit and WGene SARS-CoV-2 RT Detection), 2 nucleic acid extraction methods [MagaBio plus Virus DNA/RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux), 35-min vs. 9-min], a pre-analytical reagent (FlashPrep®) and 2 isothermal amplification tests (Neokit Plus and ELA CHEMSTRIP®). The order according to the best performance of the 3 real-time RT-PCR kits evaluated was: DisCoVery>GeneFinderTM>WGene. The 2 RNA extraction methods showed similar good results: MagaBio plus Virus RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux) 9-min was selected due to its faster performance. FlashPrep® reagent showed excellent results to perform direct RNA detection. Isothermal amplification assays showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity values (>80%), except in samples with Ct>30. Our data show optimal real time RT-PCR kits and alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. These alternative assays proved to be acceptable for their use in adverse contexts, decentralization, and different epidemiological scenarios, for rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/diagnosis , Argentina , Sensitivity and Specificity , RNA, Viral/genetics , RNA, Viral/analysis , Politics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , COVID-19 Testing
4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36621245

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a worldwide public health threat. Diagnosis by RT-PCR has been employed as the standard method to confirm viral infection. Sample pooling testing can optimize the resources by reducing the workload and reagents shortage, and be useful in laboratories and countries with limited resources. This study aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 detection by sample pooling testing in comparison with individual sample testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created 210 pools out of 245 samples, varying from 4 to 10 samples per pool, each containing a positive sample. We conducted detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific RdRp/E target sites. RESULTS: Pooling of three samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection might be an efficient strategy to perform without losing RT-PCR sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the positivity rate in Dominican Republic and that larger sample pools have higher probabilities of obtaining false negative results, the optimal sample size to perform a pooling strategy shall be three samples.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/diagnosis , Dominican Republic , Resource-Limited Settings , Specimen Handling/methods
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535126

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Optimizar el control interno de calidad de RT-PCR en tiempo real para detección cualitativa de SARS-CoV-2, utilizando los valores Cq de controles negativos y positivos. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo-longitudinal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 143 valores Cq para los controles negativos de alicuotado y extracción, así como para el control positivo. Se analizó la distribución normal de los valores Cq mediante la prueba de Anderson-Darling (AD) y se aplicaron pruebas de aleatoriedad. Se calculó límites de control a partir de 51 valores Cq, para luego, mediante gráficas de control, monitorizar 92 valores Cq obtenidos desde noviembre del 2020 hasta marzo del 2021. Se evaluó aceptación de lote e índices Cpk como indicadores de optimización. Los cálculos se hicieron con el programa Minitab. Resultados: Se aceptaron los lotes de valores Cq y se obtuvieron índices Cpk superiores a 1.33 para los tres tipos de control. Discusión: No existen estudios publicados que apliquen control estadístico de calidad a la detección cualitativa de SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: Es posible utilizar los valores Cq de los controles para optimizar el control interno de calidad de RT-PCR en tiempo real para detección cualitativa de SARS-CoV-2, como si se tratara de una técnica de tipo cuantitativo.


Objective: To optimize the internal quality control of real-time RT-PCR for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2, using the Cq values ​​of negative and positive controls. Material and method : Prospective-longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 143 Cq values for the negative aliquot and extraction controls, as well as for the positive control. The normal distribution of Cq values ​​was analyzed using the Anderson-Darling (AD) test and randomness tests were applied. Control limits were calculated from 51 Cq values, and then, using control charts, to monitor 92 Cq values ​​obtained from November 2020 to March 2021. Lot acceptance and Cpk indices were evaluated as optimization indicators. The calculations were made with the Minitab program. Results: The batches of Cq values ​​were accepted and Cpk indices higher than 1.33 were obtained for the three types of control. Discussion : There are no published studies that apply statistical quality control to the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions : It is possible to use the Cq values ​​of the controls to optimize the internal quality control of real-time RT-PCR for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2, as if it were a quantitative technique.

6.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(1): 29-32, Ene. 2023. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-214213

ABSTRACT

Introduction: COVID-19 is a worldwide public health threat. Diagnosis by RT-PCR has been employed as the standard method to confirm viral infection. Sample pooling testing can optimize the resources by reducing the workload and reagents shortage, and be useful in laboratories and countries with limited resources. This study aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 detection by sample pooling testing in comparison with individual sample testing. Materials and methods: We created 210 pools out of 245 samples, varying from 4 to 10 samples per pool, each containing a positive sample. We conducted detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific RdRp/E target sites. Results: Pooling of three samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection might be an efficient strategy to perform without losing RT-PCR sensitivity. Conclusions: Considering the positivity rate in Dominican Republic and that larger sample pools have higher probabilities of obtaining false negative results, the optimal sample size to perform a pooling strategy shall be three samples.(AU)


Introducción: La COVID-19 es una amenaza de salud pública mundial. La RT-PCR es el método estándar para confirmar la infección. La estrategia de pruebas de muestras agrupadas puede reducir la carga de trabajo y la escasez de reactivos, y ser útil en países con escasos recursos. Evaluamos la detección del SARS-CoV-2 mediante esta estrategia en comparación con pruebas individuales. Materiales y métodos: Creamos 210 grupos de 245 muestras, de 4 a 10 muestras por grupo, cada uno con una muestra positiva. Realizamos extracción de ARN y qRT-PCR para detectar la presencia de la diana RdRp/E. Resultados: La combinación de hasta 3 muestras para la detección del SARS-CoV-2 podría ser una estrategia eficaz sin perder la sensibilidad. Conclusiones: Considerando la tasa de positividad en República Dominicana y que los grupos con más muestras tienen mayor probabilidad de obtener resultados falsos negativos, el tamaño óptimo para realizar esta estrategia es de 3 muestras.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Specimen Handling , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Dominican Republic , Communicable Diseases
7.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(8): 428-435, Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210272

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El estándar de diagnóstico para SARS-CoV-2 es la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó el protocolo de Charité-Berlín para el diagnóstico de COVID-19; esta metodología implica tres PCR, limitando la capacidad de procesamiento y retrasando los resultados. Con el fin de reducir estas limitaciones, se validó una PCR dúplex para la detección del gen E y RNasa P. Métodos: Se comparó el límite de detección, sensibilidad y especificidad de la técnica de PCR dúplex (gen E más RNasa P), comparada contra el estándar monoplex (gen E), en muestras de ARN de un aislado de SARS-CoV-2 y de 88 especímenes clínicos, con resultados previamente conocidos. Se determinó la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de los valores de ciclos umbrales (cycle threshold [Ct]), en dos laboratorios independientes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, usando reactivos y equipos diferentes. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas (p = 0,84) en los resultados de Ct entre ambas estrategias. Al utilizar como referencia el gen E amplificado en monoplex, el análisis de concordancia demostró fuerte similitud entre las dos estrategias, con un coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,89, una sensibilidad del 90%, y una especificidad del 87%. Conclusión: La PCR dúplex no afecta la sensibilidad y especificidad informadas por el protocolo Charité, Berlín, siendo una herramienta útil para el cribado de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras clínicas.(AU)


Introduction: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and RNase P genes. Methods: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and RNase P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values (Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. Results: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (p = 0.84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. Conclusions: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Genes, sry , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis , Mass Screening , Communicable Diseases , World Health Organization , Microbiology , Colombia
8.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(2): e809, May.-Aug. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408918

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El aumento de los casos de COVID-19 en Cuba requirió el desarrollo de nuevas capacidades para el diagnóstico molecular de la infección. En la Unidad Empresarial de Base Laboratorios LIORAD-AICA+, de La Habana, se estableció un Laboratorio de Biología Molecular para el diagnóstico molecular de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de un año de trabajo, en el diagnóstico molecular de la COVID-19, del Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la UEB LIORAD. Métodos: Para iniciar el diagnóstico molecular del SARS-CoV-2 en la UEB Laboratorios LIORAD se llevó a cabo un conjunto de acciones que estuvieron dirigidas a la evaluación de los riesgos, establecimiento de las áreas y el flujo de trabajo, y formación de equipos de trabajo. El personal se capacitó, se modificaron y elaboraron procedimientos e instructivas. Resultados: La evaluación de los riesgos permitió detectar un conjunto de riesgos asociados a la actividad de diagnóstico y se establecieron las medidas para mitigarlos. El personal del laboratorio recibió un total de 23 capacitaciones, se elaboró un total de ocho procedimientos e instructivas y dos registros. El laboratorio procesó en un año un total de 125 154 muestras. Conclusiones: Durante el año de trabajo el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la UEB LIORAD se realizó el diagnóstico certero de la enfermedad. Esto evidencia la importancia de la capacitación del personal y el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas y medidas de bioseguridad en el trabajo con muestras potencialmente infecciosas(AU)


Introduction: The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 in Cuba demanded of new capacities for the molecular diagnosis of the infection. A Laboratory of Molecular Biology for the molecular diagnosis of this disease was installed at the Base Business Unit LIORAD-AICA+ Laboratories in Havana. Objective: To analyze a one-year work experience in the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, LIORAD-AICA+. Methods: To begin with the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 at LIORAD-AICA+, a group of actions were carried out aimed at evaluating the risks, establishing the working areas and flow, and training the work team. Personnel were trained, and procedures and guidelines were drawn up and modified. Results: Risk assessment allowed identifying several risks associated with the diagnostic activity, and measures were established to mitigate them. The laboratory personnel received 23 training sessions; and eight procedures and guidelines, and two registers were drawn up. The laboratory processed a total of 125 154 samples in a year. Conclusions: During the work year, the accurate diagnosis of the disease was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, LIORAD-AICA+. This evidences the importance of personnel training and the compliance with good practices and biosafety measures when working with potentially infectious samples(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
9.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(8): 428-435, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35643923

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and ribonuclease P genes. METHODS: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and Rnasa P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values ​​(Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (P = .84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19 Testing , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Ribonuclease P/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics
10.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 73(3)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408871

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad causada por parásitos del género Leishmania. En Colombia se han informado 10 especies patógenas. El diagnóstico parasitológico tradicional basado en la observación de los parásitos no permite identificar la especie, por lo cual se deben emplear métodos moleculares, entre ellos la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa o PCR convencional, pero esta presenta algunas limitaciones y requiere extensos periodos de tiempo para la obtención de resultados, que en ocasiones no son concluyentes. Objetivo: Evaluar un método basado en PCR en tiempo real acoplado a curva de temperatura de desnaturalización media de alta resolución (PCR-HRM) que permita el diagnóstico y la identificación simultánea de parásitos del género Leishmania en muestras clínicas de humanos y en cultivos in vitro de manera sensible y específica. Métodos: Se estandarizó una PCR-HRM, mediante la cual se evaluaron 237 muestras clínicas, 98 clasificadas como positivas y 139 como negativas, parasitológicamente por directo y/o cultivo. Las tipificaciones fueron comparadas con los resultados en paralelo obtenidos de una variante de la PCR, realizando cortes al amplicon que generó un fragmento de restricción de longitud polimórfica o PCR-RFLP que había sido previamente estandarizada. Resultados: Se logró implementar una PCR-HRM para el diagnóstico e identificación de especies de Leishmania, logrando un 100 % de concordancia con las tipificaciones obtenidas por PCR-RFLP. Incluso, se logró detectar e identificar el parásito en muestras diagnosticadas como negativas por los métodos convencionales. Se encontró que con un porcentaje de confiabilidad superior al 95 %, se lograron tipificar 91 muestras de 98; de estas el 81,63 % de los casos fueron L. panamensis, el 11,22% L. braziliensis e indeterminadas el 7,14 % de los casos. Conclusiones: La PCR-HRM es un buen método que permite la identificación de las especies más prevalentes en Colombia, comparando temperaturas medias de desnaturalización específicas según la especie de Leishmania involucrada.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Ten pathogenic species have been reported in Colombia. Traditional parasite diagnosis based on observation of the parasites does not make it possible to identify the species. Therefore, it is necessary to use molecular methods, among them conventional polymerase chain reaction or PCR, but this test presents some limitations and requires long periods of time to obtain results which sometimes are not conclusive. Objective: Evaluate a method based on real time PCR coupled with high resolution mean denaturalization temperature curve analysis (HRM-PCR) for the diagnosis and simultaneous identification of parasites of the genus Leishmania in clinical samples from humans and in vitro cultures in a sensitive and specific manner. Methods: Standardization was performed of an HRM-PCR with which 237 clinical samples were evaluated, 98 classified as positive and 139 as negative, by direct parasitological examination and/or culture. The typing obtained was compared with parallel results from a PCR variant, making cuts on the amplicon that generated a restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR-RFLP previously standardized. Results: An HRM-PCR could be implemented for the diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species, achieving 100% concordance with the typing obtained by PCR-RFLP. It was even possible to detect and identify the parasite in samples diagnosed as negative by conventional methods. Of the total 98 samples, 91 could be typed with a percentage of reliability above 95%. Of these, 81.63% of the cases were L. panamensis, 11.22% were L. braziliensis and 7.14 % were indeterminate. Conclusions: HRM-PCR is a good method to identify the species most prevalent in Colombia, comparing specific mean denaturalization temperatures according to the Leishmania species involved.

11.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 55(4): 484-489, dic. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1393752

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realizó una comparación del desempeño de los métodos rápidos de detección de antígenos para el diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2 Veritor System de Becton Dickinson y Panbio de Abbott versus una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con retrotranscripción en tiempo real (RT-PCR) de Roche en un triage de demanda espontánea de pacientes febriles de un hospital público, para la detección de COVID-19. Se procesaron 36 hisopados de pacientes sospechosos por los tres métodos. La concordancia entre ambos métodos con la RT-PCR fue del 97%. La sensibilidad de los métodos de detección de antígenos versus la RT-PCR fue del 83% y la especificidad fue del 100%. El valor predictivo positivo (VPP) fue del 100% y el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) fue del 97%. La muestra que resultó discordante presentó un ciclo umbral (Ct) de 29,8. El método para detección de antígenos tuvo un desempeño aceptable, incluso con resultados de sensibilidad mayores que los declarados por los fabricantes (84% para el Veritor System y 93,3% para el Panbio).


Abstract A comparison of the performance of the rapid antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Veritor System from Becton Dickinson and Panbio from Abbott versus a real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) Roche in a spontaneous demand triage of febrile patients of a public hospital was made, for the detection of COVID-19. Thirty six swabs from suspected patients were processed by the three methods. The concordance between both methods with RT-PCR real time was 97%. The sensitivity of the antigen detection methods versus RT-PCR real time was 83% and specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97%. The sample that was discordant presented a threshold point (Ct) of 29.8. The method for antigen detection resulted in an acceptable performance, even with S results higher than those declared by the manufacturers (84% for the Veritor System and 93.3% for the Panbio).


Resumo Uma comparação do desempenho dos métodos rápidos de detecção de antígenos para o diagnóstico deSARS-CoV-2 Veritor System de Becton Dickinson e Panbio de Abbott versus uma reação em cadeia da polimerasecom transcrição reversa em tempo real (RT-PCR) da Roche em uma triagem de demanda espontâneade pacientes febris de um hospital público, para a detecção de COVID-19. Foram processadas 36 amostrasde esfregaços de pacientes suspeitos pelos três métodos e a concordância entre os dois métodos com aRT-PCR foi de 97%. A sensibilidade dos métodos de detecção de antigenos versus a RT-PCR foi de 83% ea especificidade de 100%. O valor preditivo positivo (VPP) foi de 100% e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN)foi de 97%. A amostra que resultou discordante apresentou um ciclo limiar (Ct) de 29,8. O método paradetecção de antígenos teve um desempenho aceitável, mesmo com resultados de sensibilidade superioresaos declarados pelos fabricantes (84% para o Veritor System e 93,3% para o Panbio).


Subject(s)
Humans , Methodology as a Subject , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnosis , Antigens/analysis , Patients , Time , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis , Efficiency , Hospitals, Public , Methods , Antigens
12.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34404546

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a worldwide public health threat. Diagnosis by RT-PCR has been employed as the standard method to confirm viral infection. Sample pooling testing can optimize the resources by reducing the workload and reagents shortage, and be useful in laboratories and countries with limited resources. This study aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 detection by sample pooling testing in comparison with individual sample testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created 210 pools out of 245 samples, varying from 4 to 10 samples per pool, each containing a positive sample. We conducted detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific RdRp/E target sites. RESULTS: Pooling of three samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection might be an efficient strategy to perform without losing RT-PCR sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the positivity rate in Dominican Republic and that larger sample pools have higher probabilities of obtaining false negative results, the optimal sample size to perform a pooling strategy shall be three samples.

13.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(3): 527-532, ago. 2021. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1418408

ABSTRACT

Los trabajadores de la industria están expuestos a distintos tipos de riesgos, incluyendo la exposición laboral a agentes biológicos como virus, bacterias, hongos, parásitos, esporas o toxinas capaces de originar algún tipo de infección, enfermedad o toxicidad. Gran variedad de estos patógenos ha sido identificada sobre distintas superficies dentro de instalaciones de trabajo, persistiendo en algunos casos luego de las jornadas de limpieza habituales, e incluso sobreviviendo por largos períodos de tiempo. Los hallazgos preliminares indican que los procesos de higiene en dos industrias permitieron disminuir de manera estadísticamente significativa la presencia de E. Coli y Sars-Cov-2, en las superficies dentro de las instalaciones. Por el contrario, en una tercera industria se observó que los procesos de higiene y limpieza no lograron reducir eficazmente la presencia de los patógenos La auditoría de higiene en instalaciones de industrias textiles debe incluir la capacidad de hallar e identificar los peligros biológicos que aún estén presentes en superficies, una vez ejecutados los protocolos rutinarios de limpieza y desinfección establecidos por la organización. Para esta labor proponemos la práctica complementaria de tres procedimientos: la determinación microbiológica, mediante torundas o placas de contacto, la determinación visual con luz ultravioleta, para comprobar el grado de eficacia de la limpieza, y la determinación específica, consistente en la detección de ARN de virus SARS-CoV-2 (causante del COVID-19) en muestras ambientales de superficies por el método de PCR en tiempo real(AU)


Industrial workers are exposed to different types of risks, including occupational exposure to biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, spores or toxins capable of causing some type of infection, disease or toxicity. A great variety of these pathogens have been identified on different surfaces within work facilities, persisting in some cases after the usual cleaning days, and even surviving for long periods of time. Preliminary findings indicate that hygiene processes in two industries allowed a statistically significant decrease in the presence of E. Coli and Sars-Cov-2, on surfaces within the facilities. On the contrary, in a third industry it was observed that hygiene and cleaning processes failed to effectively reduce the presence of pathogens Hygiene audit in textile industry facilities should include the ability to find and identify biological hazards that are still present on surfaces, once the routine cleaning and disinfection protocols established by the organization have been executed. For this work, we propose the complementary practice of three procedures: microbiological determination, using swabs or contact plates, visual determination with ultraviolet light, to verify the degree of cleaning efficiency, and specific determination, consisting of RNA detection. of SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing COVID-19) in environmental samples of surfaces by the real-time PCR method(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Security Measures/organization & administration , Occupational Risks , Escherichia coli , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevention & control , Peru , Textile Industry , Ultraviolet Rays , Disinfection , Occupational Exposure
14.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(2): 111-117, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357256

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Accumulating evidence indicates that the miR-30 family takes part in the development of multiple tissues and organs, and is a potential contributor to various dis eases, including autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-30e-5p, a member of the miR-30 fam ily, and investigate its potential relationship to clinical characteristics and possible disease activity in an Egyptian SLE cohort. Methods: Serum samples from 40 SLE patients and 37 age and gender matched healthy sub jects were tested for miR-30e-5p expression level using the Taqman quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Analysis was performed using the 2 - AACT method. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.7 ± 7.9 years, with a mean disease duration of 6.4 ±5.3 years. The median fold change in serum miR-30e-5p among our SLE cohort was significantly higher 1.748 (0.223-20.485) compared to the control group 0.877 (0.058-3.522) (P = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that miR-30e-5p expres sion level can discriminate SLE patients from controls at a cut-off value >1.06 with the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.676 (95% CI: 0.559-0.794, P = 0.02), with 64.3% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity. There was no correlation between any of the demographic features, clinical manifestations (apart from serositis, P = 0.013) or disease activity and miR-30e-5p levels. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated elevated miR-30e-5p expression levels in serum sam ples of SLE patients. Apart from serositis, it was not associated with any other disease characteristics.


RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los microARN (miRNA) son ARN no codificantes que regulan la expresión de los genes después de la transcripción. Las pruebas acumuladas indican que la familia de miR-30 participa en el desarrollo de múltiples tejidos y órganos, y es un posible contribuyente a diversas enfermedades, incluidos los trastornos autoinmunes como el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la expresión del miR-30e-5p, un miembro de la familia miR-30, e investigar su posible relación con las características clínicas y la posible actividad de la enfermedad en una cohorte egipcia de LES. Métodos: Se analizaron muestras de suero de 40 pacientes con LES y 37 sujetos sanos de edad y sexo similares para determinar el nivel de expresión de miR-30e-5p, utilizando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa cuantitativa Taqman. El análisis se llevó a cabo empleando el método 2-AACT. Los resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 28,7 ± 7,9 años, mientras que la duración media de la enfermedad fue de 6,4 ± 5,3 años. La mediana del cambio de pliegue del suero miR-30e-5p entre nuestra cohorte de LES fue significativamente mayor, 1,748 (0,223-20,485), en comparación con el grupo de control, 0,877 (0,058-3,522) (p = 0,02). El análisis de la curva característica de funcionamiento del receptor reveló que el nivel de expresión del miR-30e-5p puede discriminar a los pacientes con LES de los controles en un valor de corte > 1,06, con el área bajo la curva (AUC) = 0,676 (IC del 95%: 0,559-0,794; p = 0,02), una sensibilidad del 64,3% y una especificidad del 61,5%. No hubo asociación entre ninguna de las características demográficas, manifestaciones clínicas (aparte de la serositis, p = 0,013) o actividad de la enfermedad y los niveles de miR-30e-5p. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio demostró niveles elevados de expresión de miR-30e-5p en mues tras de suero de pacientes con LES. Aparte de la serositis, no se asoció con ninguna otra característica de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases , Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides , Pathologic Processes , Serositis , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms , Antisense Elements (Genetics) , RNA, Antisense , Connective Tissue Diseases , MicroRNAs , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
15.
Con-ciencia (La Paz) ; 9(1): 1-20, jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284396

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa, causada por diversas especies del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, actualmente se estima que un tercio de la población mundial se encuentra afectada por lo que representa una amenaza para la salud pública, principalmente por el surgimiento de cepas Multidrogorresistentes (TB-MDR). En Bolivia se reportaron 7.538 personas enfermas con Tuberculosis, los últimos datos sobre TB-MDR indican un aumento de 0,2% por año, en 2019 se registró un 3,1% de TB-MDR. Actualmente en nuestro país se emplean métodos moleculares para la identificación de este agente infeccioso; no obstante, existen muy pocos o ningún trabajo acerca de la aplicación de métodos moleculares para la detección precisa y efectiva de cepas TB-MDR que otorguen validez a los resultados emitidos. Este trabajo resuelve el cuestionamiento de, si la PCR en tiempo real (RT-qPCR) acoplada a curvas melting es una herramienta de diagnóstico alternativo aplicable, para la identificación de Tuberculosis Multidrogorresistente MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se trabajó con 74 cepas de Mycobaterium tuberculosis fenotípicamente identificadas por cultivo (método de las proporciones, Canetti Rist) como gold standar. El material genético para las pruebas moleculares se obtuvo por el método de columnas, se utilizaron dos controles primarios para la determinación de resistencia a los fármacos Isoniacida y Rifampicina, tanto los controles como las muestras se procesaron por RT-qPCR acoplada a curvas melting, mediante cambios de temperatura de disociación. RESULTADOS: los parámetros de test diagnóstico de la prueba demostraron sensibilidad: 67.4%, especificidad: 83.3%, Exactitud: 73.97%, VPP: 85.3%, VPN: 64.1% para Isoniacida. Mientras que para Rifampicina: Sensibilidad: 97%, especificidad: 20%, exactitud: 58.9%, VPP: 55.4% y VPN: 87.5%. CONCLUSIÓN: el método evaluado para la determinación de resistencia a Isoniacida presenta un equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad, por lo que representa una alternativa diagnóstica confiable, mientras que para resistencia a Rifampicina presenta una alta sensibilidad que es muy útil para países endémicos como el nuestro.


INTRODUCTION: tuberculosis is an infectious-contagious disease, caused by various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, it is estimated that one third of the world population is affected by what represents a threat to public health, mainly by the emergence of multidrugresistant strains (MDR-TB). In Bolivia, 7,538 people are reported sick with Tuberculosis, the latest data on MDR-TB indicate an increase of 0.2% per year, in 2018 there was 3.1% of MDR-TB. Currently in our country molecular methods are used to identify this infectious agent; however, there is very little or no work on the application of molecular methods for the precise and effective detection of MDR-TB strains that give validity to the results issued. This work resolves the question of whether real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) coupled to melting curves is an applicable alternative diagnostic tool for the identification of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: we worked with 74 strains of Mycobaterium tuberculosis phenotypically identified by culture (method of proportions, Canetti Rist) as a gold standar. The genetic material for molecular methods was obtained by the column assay, two primary controls were used for the determination of resistance to the drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin, both the controls and the samples were processed by RT-qPCR coupled to melting curves, by means of temperature changes of dissociation. RESULTS: the diagnostic test parameters of the test demonstrated sensitivity: 67.4%, specificity: 83.3%, Accuracy: 73.97%, PPV: 85.3%, NPV: 64.1% for Isoniazid. While for Rifampicin: Sensitivity: 97%, Specificity: 20%, Accuracy: 58.9%, PPV: 55.4% and NPV: 87.5% CONCLUSION: the method evaluated for the determination of resistance to Isoniazid presents a balance between sensitivity and specificity, therefore it represents a reliable diagnostic alternative, while for resistance to Rifampicin it presents a high sensitivity that is very useful for endemic countries such as ours.


Subject(s)
Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampin , Tuberculosis , Public Health , Isoniazid
16.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(4): 188-191, Abr. 2021. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-208590

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. We analyzed the presentation, diagnosis and prognosis of our cohort of HLH-Leishmania cases. Methods: We studied HLH cases in patients over 14 years of age in the province of Granada (Spain), from January 2008 to November 2019. Results: In this study, Leishmania was the predominant trigger of adult HLH in our region. There were no differences in the clinical-analytical presentation between HLH triggered by Leishmania and those initiated by a different cause. RT-PCR was the best tool to identify Leishmania as the trigger of HLH, given that the other microbiological tests showed low sensitivity to detect the parasite in our HLH-Leishmania cases. Conclusion: A comprehensive search for Leishmania is mandatory in HLH cases. Based on our findings, we propose that RT-PCR for Leishmania in bone marrow samples must be included in HLH differential diagnostic protocols.(AU)


Introducción: La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (LHH) es un síndrome agresivo y potencialmente mortal caracterizado por una activación inmune excesiva. Analizamos la presentación, el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de nuestra cohorte de casos LHH-Leishmania. Métodos: Estudiamos los casos de LHH en pacientes mayores de 14 años en la provincia de Granada (España) desde enero de 2008 hasta noviembre de 2019. Resultados: En este estudio, la Leishmania fue el desencadenante principal de la LHH en adultos en nuestra región. No hubo diferencias en la presentación clínico-analítica entre la LHH desencadenada por Leishmania y las iniciadas por otra causa. La PCR en tiempo real fue la mejor herramienta para identificar la Leishmania como el desencadenante de LHH, dado que las otras pruebas microbiológicas mostraron baja sensibilidad para detectar el parásito en nuestros casos de LHH-Leishmania. Conclusión: Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la Leishmania es obligatoria en los casos de LHH. Considerando nuestros hallazgos, proponemos que la PCR en tiempo real de Leishmania en médula ósea se incluya en los protocolos de diagnóstico diferencial de LHH.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Microbiology , Communicable Diseases , Spain , Cohort Studies
17.
Med. infant ; 28(1): 23-26, Marzo 2021. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1282888

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis jirovecii es un hongo oportunista, causante de neumonía en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos. Es una infección grave con elevada tasa de mortalidad en pacientes oncohematológicos y receptores de trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. La administración de corticosteroides es el principal factor de riesgo para adquirir esta infección. Actualmente las infecciones ocurren en aquellos pacientes que no reciben adecuada profilaxis. Las técnicas de diagnóstico molecular son las recomendadas por su elevada sensibilidad, especificidad y rapidez. La frecuencia global de P. jirovecii en pacientes inmunocomprometidos de nuestro hospital, durante el período evaluado fue de 4,8%, con una mortalidad global del 20%. Como factores de mal pronóstico se reportan la presencia de coinfecciones y la necesidad de asistencia respiratoria mecánica. Es importante la sospecha precoz en pacientes de riesgo, confirmada con un diagnóstico preciso mediante métodos moleculares para una intervención adecuada y oportuna (AU)


Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus, causing pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. It is a severe infection with a high mortality rate in oncology/hematology patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The administration of corticosteroids is the main risk factor for acquiring this infection. Currently infections occur in patients who do not receive adequate prophylaxis. Molecular diagnostic techniques are recommended because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and speed. In the study period, the overall incidence of P. jirovecii in immunocompromised patients at our hospital was 4.8%, with an overall mortality rate of 20%. Factors of a poor prognosis are the presence of coinfections and the need for mechanical respiratory assistance. Early suspicion in high-risk patients is important to confirm the diagnosis through molecular studies and start adequate and early treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Pneumocystis Infections/diagnosis , Pneumocystis Infections/epidemiology , Immunocompromised Host , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
18.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33618853

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and RNase P genes. METHODS: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and RNase P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values (Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (p = 0.84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.

19.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 39(4): 188-191, 2021 04.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32473845

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. We analyzed the presentation, diagnosis and prognosis of our cohort of HLH-Leishmania cases. METHODS: We studied HLH cases in patients over 14 years of age in the province of Granada (Spain), from January 2008 to November 2019. RESULTS: In this study, Leishmania was the predominant trigger of adult HLH in our region. There were no differences in the clinical-analytical presentation between HLH triggered by Leishmania and those initiated by a different cause. RT-PCR was the best tool to identify Leishmania as the trigger of HLH, given that the other microbiological tests showed low sensitivity to detect the parasite in our HLH-Leishmania cases. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive search for Leishmania is mandatory in HLH cases. Based on our findings, we propose that RT-PCR for Leishmania in bone marrow samples must be included in HLH differential diagnostic protocols.


Subject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma , Leishmania , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Adult , Humans , Leishmania/genetics , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Prognosis , Syndrome
20.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 40(3): 117-125, sept. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129078

ABSTRACT

En diciembre de 2019 se identificó el virus SARS-CoV-2, cuya rápida propagación global puso en estado de emergencia al mundo entero, llevando al ser humano a una situación sin antecedente cercano. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los métodos diagnósticos utilizados actualmente para identificar la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las manifestaciones clínicas y el espectro imagenológico de la enfermedad son muy inespecíficos y no permiten realizar un diagnóstico certero. Por esta razón, es esencial una apropiada toma de muestra respiratoria en el momento y sitio anatómico adecuado para un diagnóstico preciso de COVID-19. La técnica de muestreo más utilizada es el hisopado nasofaríngeo y la prueba diagnóstica más fiable se basa en la retrotranscripción seguida por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). No obstante, existen otras técnicas moleculares, como también tests serológicos para detectar anticuerpos o fragmentos antigénicos del SARS-CoV-2. Más allá de la precisión diagnóstica, es importante tener en cuenta la probabilidad basal (pretest) para interpretar correctamente el resultado obtenido y aislar aquellos posibles falsos negativos. Con el objetivo de evitar la saturación del sistema de salud es imprescindible contar con información y métodos diagnósticos precisos para detectar tempranamente los focos de infección y reducir la transmisión comunitaria, utilizando eficazmente los diferentes recursos diagnósticos. (AU)


In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified for the first time, whose rapid global spread put the entire world in a state of emergency, leading humans to an unprecedented situation with no immediate history. The main purpose of this review is to describe the diagnostic methods currently used to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical manifestations and the imaging spectrum of the disease are nonspecific and do not allow an accurate diagnosis to be made. For this reason, an appropriate respiratory sampling at the right time and anatomical site is essential for an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. The most widely used sampling technique is nasopharyngeal swab, and the most reliable diagnostic test is by reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, there are other molecular techniques, as well as serological tests to detect antibodies or antigenic fragments of SARS-CoV-2. Beyond the diagnostic precision, it is important to take into account the baseline probability (pre-test) to correctly interpret the result obtained and isolate those possible false negatives. In order to avoid saturation of the health system, it is essential to have accurate information and diagnostic methods to detect outbreaks of infection in early stages and to reduce communitary transmission, making effective use of the various diagnostic resources. Coronavirus infections/diagnosis, viral/diagnosis, pandemics, clinical laboratory techniques, real-time polymerase chain reaction, antigens, viral/analysis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Serologic Tests/methods , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Argentina , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus
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